ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has spurred the development ofhighly effective quantitative methods for assessing the adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) virus. In order to assess the humoralcomponentofthe immune response, various methods for detecting immunoglobulins A, M, Gare widely used. ELISPOTseems to be the most accessible and effective method to assess the level of T cells that specifically respond to the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigens. The aim. To assess cell-mediated and humoral immunity in COVID-19 in residents of the Republic of Crimea. Methods. The study was performed on 24 volunteers: the presence of coronavirus antibodies was determinedby ELISAmethod, andthe presence ofcontact withcoronavirus proteins - by the ELISPOT "TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2” method (Generium, Russia). For retrospective study of humoral immunity in the population, we assessed 10 000 ELISA tests (ECOlab IgM and IgG, Russia) performed in our laboratory for the period from July 2020 to January 2022. Results. The results show the effectiveness of using the ELISPOT method to detect latent forms of coronavirus infection. It is important to note that there is statistically significant relationship between the timing of the disease and the number of spots in both antigen panels. After vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, cell-mediated immunity lasts up to 6 months or more. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that during 2021, the level of immunization of the population of the Republic of Crimea against COVID-19 has significantly increased;the proportion of residents who have positive IgG test has increasedfrom 27%to 87%. The results ofELISPOTstudies using a setofreagents for in vitro detection ofbloodT-lymphocytes thatspecifically respondto SARS-COV-2 virus antigens ("TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2”) showed that this method is more sensitive than ELISA in detecting latent diseases. © 2023 Voprosy Literatury. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Morphological data on SARS-CoV-2-associated heart damage and its mechanisms are rather limited. However, clinical and morphological features of myocardial lesions in COVID-19 patients have been described and include myocardial ischemia, acute coronary syndrome, and acute myocarditis. The prevailing features of myocardial lesions and their consequences are still controversial. The aim of our research was to evaluate the morphological features of myocardial lesions in patients with severe COVID-19, using routine histological examination and immunohistochemistry (CD45) to confirm myocardial inflammatory infiltration. Materials and methods. We analyzed samples of the left ventricular myocardium obtained during autopsy examination of 48 patients with severe COVID-19 who died from SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia. We used histological description and immunohistochemical methods. Results. The results revealed several histopathological features of COVID-19-associated myocardial lesions, including acute ischemia (25% of cases) and mild inflammatory changes termed borderline myocarditis (18.75% of cases). Other significant findings in the myocardium included microcirculatory vessel thrombosis. Conclusion. The study confirms the existing data on damage to myocardium in severe COVID-19. However, further studies are warranted. It may contribute to the development of new management strategies for severe COVID-19 patients. © 2022, MDV Group. All rights reserved.